Disaster in Franklin County

Fiasco in Franklin County Jennifer Wadsworth Western Governors University Disaster in Franklin County Role of Major Public Health Personnel The jobs of significant general wellbeing faculty must be appointed appropriately in a debacle circumstance so as to encourage viable activity. In the occurrence introduced, a hierarchy of leadership was set up and assignments given to the suitable work force dependent on their abilities and experience. All in all, this gathering reports to the Incident Commander, a person that is answerable for dealing with the whole fiasco activity and different groups associated with each degree of catastrophe management.In the initial hardly any hours following a debacle there are numerous things that should be tended to. In the situation introduced, one of the underlying messages that must be introduced is water security. Advising people in general on the method of reasoning regarding why their water is dangerous is significant in helping them comprehend the need of bubbling it before use to forestall sickness. Likewise educating them regarding where they can acquire a protected water flexibly is crucial.The accessibility of transitory asylums and lodging is additionally significant in the main hours and days following the tempest since numerous individuals may have needed to leave their homes because of flooding, loss of intensity, or basic harm. Ensuring residents comprehend the risks presented by brought down electrical cables and the means they should take while experiencing them is a medical problem too. Legitimate food stockpiling and taking care of is likewise basic when there is an absence of intensity in numerous homes. Realizing to what extent food will toward the end in an inoperable cooler or cooler will help forestall foodborne illness.Other messages of significance in the weeks to follow incorporate the subject of shape. While it may not be absolutely critical at first, inhabitants who have encountered flooding in their h omes must be made mindful of how to distinguish the wellspring of the issue and how to treat and expel it so as to forestall any wellbeing dangers related with shape. General wellbeing authorities must help with surveying cover locales to guarantee legitimate food taking care of, capacity, and planning. Sufficient and clean restroom offices must be evaluated so as to orchestrate extra compact administrations to be gotten if important. The living onditions that exist in the safe house should likewise be evaluated so as to guarantee singular protection and individual wellbeing. Lockjaw was a worry for certain residents and the general wellbeing authorities cautioned region inoculation facilities to who might be in danger of building up the ailment just as suggestions for immunization by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Security of zone cafés and their capacity to revive came into question after the tempest and general wellbeing authorities, in collaboration with bordering regions, attempted to address the issue in a convenient manner so as to reestablish a feeling of regularity to the community.They should all be reviewed to guarantee that all general wellbeing rules are being followed and that the foundation is basically solid. Giving socially equipped instructive materials to individuals from the network, including those that may not communicate in English, is significant and would possibly address the tidy up of perilous materials, brought down appendages, and trees just as appropriate treatment of private wells. In the situation individuals from the general wellbeing group joined other crisis laborers in helping those occupants that might be sliced off from provisions because of flooding in their area.Public wellbeing attendants aided way to-entryway meet with those inhabitants to address quick wellbeing concerns or wounds that may have happened because of the tempest, just as the accessibility of fundamental supplies. Fundamental physi cal appraisals might be important in certain circumstances. The attendant can address prescription and clinical hardware supplies, and the capacity to utilize clinical gear, for example, nebulizers and oxygen concentrators.A absence of intensity would leave individuals with certain wellbeing conditions in danger of significant wellbeing intricacies. Departure to brief lodging or safe houses might be a superior option for a few, particularly those requiring dialysis or chemotherapy, and the general wellbeing attendant could help with organizing it. The general wellbeing attendant had the option to help facilitate the conveyance of vital prescriptions to those hard to find, empowering the patient to stay in their home for the time being.Safe food and water supplies would should be tended to with mortgage holders. Data in regards to the sheltered stockpiling, taking care of, and planning of food without power is a subject of concern. Inquisitive with respect to any auxiliary harm or fl ooding in people’s homes would permit the chance to give supportive data relating to brief lodging, the need to bubble water, and general individual wellbeing. The general wellbeing medical caretaker ought to likewise be accessible as occupants come back to their homes after rising waters have subsided.She can furnish essential wellbeing data to those with questions or concerns. Related to other general wellbeing authorities, the medical caretaker can help with giving data in regards to appropriate tidy up, removal of perilous waste, form, and the security of food that stayed in the home while the occupants were in covers. General wellbeing authorities, including the general wellbeing medical caretaker, ought to be available at any instructive gatherings held for the public.They would be fantastic assets for residents that have questions with respect to issues of wellbeing and security and could gracefully composed data for an assortment of concerns, for example, water and sa nitation, infection episodes because of the tempest, and general wellbeing data including vaccinations. Psychological well-being issues may likewise emerge because of the fiasco and demonstrating data on assets, just as referrals, might be important. The Chain of Command The Emergency Operations Center (EOC) Commander is the individual liable for the whole debacle recovery.The Medical/Health Branch Director, related to the whole general wellbeing gathering, would answer to the Commander and the EOC group with respect to relevant medical problems that may emerge. Those issues may require quick activity, or might be something that could emerge during and after the tidy up from the tempest. The general wellbeing bunch is a framework unto itself known as the Incident Command System. The Deputy Director filled in as the Incident Commander and the rest of the framework was comprised of people from the neighborhood wellbeing department.The lead job of Operations Section Chief is answerable for creating and executing an arrangement, just as manners by which to accomplish the objectives they set up. Every single other individual from the Public Health Incident Command System will answer to the Chief. The Operations Chief will likewise assist with sorting out, dole out, and regulate other outside assets vital for the accomplishment of the arrangement. Different jobs that the Operations Chief doles out to individuals from the office include: Public Information Officer, Finance/Administration Chief, Planning Chief, Liaison Officer, and Logistics Chief.The Public Information Officer is answerable for giving suitable general wellbeing data appropriate to the calamity. They will be the media contact and will guarantee that significant data arrives at the general population in an opportune way to constrain the danger of new medical problems. They will likewise teach individual general wellbeing staff so they can go about as a firm gathering with a predictable message. The Fin ance/Administration Chief will have a bookkeeping foundation and will manage any money related perspectives that emerge, for example, finance of representatives and contracted laborers welcomed on board explicitly because of the storm.The Planning Chief will be the purpose of contact for all data that is discharged to people in general in regards to the catastrophe. The documentation they give will be written in the dialects important to guarantee everybody influenced by the calamity is educated. The Liaison Officer is the purpose of contact for outside assets, giving data and addressing any inquiries they may have with respect to the catastrophe or administrations required. The Logistics Chief obtains things that Operations needs to take care of business, for example, space, supplies and equipment.The Community Health Nurse would answer to the Incident Commander and the individuals from the Incident Command System. Assets Available to the Community Health Nurse Throughout the catas trophe recuperation, the network wellbeing medical caretaker would unquestionably experience circumstances that were past her extent of training. There are numerous assets accessible to her and she would best serve her customers by using the people from the Incident Command System. They would have the option to place her in contact with individuals from psychological well-being administrations to home repair.The Logistics Chief would be a magnificent asset in getting help from outside hotspots for destinations for safe houses, hardware and supplies. The Planning Chief would be a useful asset in social event and circulating socially suitable data to individuals who may communicate in an alternate language. Should the attendant not realize who to go to in regards to a particular need, she could go to the Incident Commander who might furnish her with the fundamental contacts. Social Services, Environmental Health workers, and self employed entities are just a couple of the outside sour ces the general wellbeing medical caretaker might have the option to utilize.Actions of the Community Health Nurse During entryway to-entryway interviews following the tempest, the network wellbeing attendant ran over a few circumstances that necessary quick consideration. In one example, a property holder had flooding in his storm cellar and a synthetic spill in his carport. The medical attendant had an ecological wellbeing authority prompt the property holder on the best way to tidy up the spill. She likewise made certain the mortgage holder was given data on shape and the best strategies for cleaning his storm cellar once the rising waters died down. Another property holder was overpowered with the whole situation.She was promptly answerable for

Stationery, Cemetery, and Shepherd

Writing material, Cemetery, and Shepherd Writing material, Cemetery, and Shepherd Writing material, Cemetery, and Shepherd By Maeve Maddox Writing material Both writing material (n.), which means composing paper, and fixed (adj.), which means not moving, return to a similar source that gives us the thing station (a halting spot; a spot where a person or thing stands). In the Middle Ages a stationer was a tradesman who had a shop, rather than one who hauled his stock around with him. Initially the word was utilized from a general perspective to mean any retailer, however came to be related with book retailers specifically. At last, stationer came to mean somebody who sells composing materials, i.e., writing material. TIP: Stationery, similar to paper, is spelled with er. A left vehicle is fixed. Like park, the descriptive word fixed is spelled with ar. Burial ground This is by all accounts a particularly imperiled spelling. I have a nearby land map that spells graveyard inaccurately many occasions. Ive even observed an official burial ground sign with the erroneous spelling. TIP: Knowing that graveyard comes into English from French cimetiã ¨re may assist journalists with reviewing the right er spelling. German Shepherd Peruse the pets available to be purchased in any arranged area and you will see the word for the canine spelled sheperd, shepard, and shephard. In any event two of these incorrect spellings for the mutts name are basic spellings for family names. For the canine, nonetheless, the spelling is shepherd. TIP: The pooch was initially reared to help in the grouping of sheep or steers. The word shepherd originates from sheepherd. A shepherd groups sheep. Think crowd. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Spelling class, check our famous posts, or pick a related post below:Good At, Good In, and Good With35 Genres and Other Varieties of FictionComma Before Too?

U.S. Public Schools Have Lost 20% Of Their Librarians Since 2000 Critical Linking, May 24, 2018

U.S. Public Schools Have Lost 20% Of Their Librarians Since 2000 Critical Linking, May 24, 2018 Todays Critical Linking is sponsored by Fierce Reads. The United States  cant afford librarians, according to a new analysis of federal data. Since 2000, public school districts across the country have lost an average of 20% of librarians and media specialists, the  Education Week Research Center has found. During this same time period, student enrollment nationwide increased by 7%. The  shortage  in public school librarian employment â€" which saw the most dramatic drop following the Great Recession of 2008 and hasnt recovered since â€" has hit districts serving minorities the hardest. The wrong cuts to be making, especially in a recession. 20% is a huge loss.   ____________________ A good beach book has to manage a delicate balancing act: It’s got to be engrossing enough to compete with the waves (and keep you awake), but light enough that you can dip in and out of it among trips to the bar or the pool or the slip ‘n’ slide. This summer brings an abundance of new releases that fit the bill. From fiction to memoir to history, readers will have their pick of a stellar lineup. But  if these books have one thing in common, it’s not their content  but their outlook: Each will encourage you to change your outlook in dramatic waysâ€"often not for the sunnier. Im here for a book list of beach reads which are dark. ____________________ Rather than riding around in laundry carts or playing a game on mom or dad’s phone, children at the Wash ‘n Fold Laundromat, at the Gay Street Plaza, are reading. Organized almost four years ago, the Laundromat Library League, with 215 volunteers, stocks 64 sites in Pennsylvania, and 112 places in 12 states, with children’s books. I love ideas like this.   ____________________ My Students I absolutely love my students. I know a lot of teachers might say this, but I try my best to make sure my students feel loved, cared for, and respected. There are days where my students lift my spirits. My students put a smile on my face and truly make my days better; they inspire me to be the best teacher I can be.The majority of my kids come from low-income households and are taught at a very young age to be independent. They come from situations that are tragic and heart-breaking. I am astounded and, some days, left in shock by their strength and willingness to show up every single day. My students are the reason why I enjoy being a teacher! My Project My students need to be able to access literature and content that is culturally relevant! Unfortunately, our district and school have yet to revamp curriculum to better suit the needs of our students and community. The texts we are provided with are literally falling apart and held together by duct-tape. When we request to use the library, we are turned away and testing is giving precedence to use the facility. As mentioned, my students and I do not have the income to purchase books whenever we feel like it. Your donation would mean so much more than just a new book. It give us opportunities; it encourages to continue exploring; it motivates us to become empowered; it shows them that their education is not only important to them but to an entire community, an entire nation, and world. Your donation would be absolutely appreciated and would speak volumes to show students just how loved and important they truly are. Thank you Under $300 to fully fund this project, which we can do together.   Sign up to Today In Books to receive  daily news and miscellany from the world of books.

A Brief Note On Atherosclerosis And Coronary Spasms

1. Ms. T sought medical attention mainly because of intolerable chest pain after climbing several flights of stairs; however, Ms. T has a history of conditions such as atherosclerosis and coronary spasms. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fatty material known as plaque, along the walls of arteries causing the arteries to narrow (Taber’s pg 224). Therefore, angina pectoris can result with exertion. Also, coronary spasms can potentially be caused by plaque buildup and can occur in people who have high cholesterol such as Ms. T. Also, coronary spasms are known to cause angina pectoris in people (Taber’s pg 2171). Ms. T’s history of these conditions explains why she experiences episodes of angina. 4. The two predominant types of angina are†¦show more content†¦Propranolol HcL drug to drug interactions: general anesthesia, IV phenytoin, and verapamil may cause additive myocardial depression. Additive bradycardia may occur with digoxin. Additive hypotension may occur with other antihypertensives, acute ingestion of alcohol, or nitrates. Levels may be decreased with chronic alcohol use. Concurrent use with amphetamines, cocaine, ephedrine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, or pseudoephedrinemay result in unopposed alpha-adrenergic stimulation (excessive hypertension, bradycardia). Concurrent thyroid administration may decrease effectiveness. May alter the effectiveness of insulin or oral hypoglycemics(dose adjustments may be necessary). May decrease effectiveness of beta-adrenergic bronchodilatorsand theophylline. May decrease beneficial beta cardiovascular effects of dopamine or dobutamine. Use cautiously within 14 days of MAO inhibitor therapy (may result i n hypertension). Cimetidine may increase blood levels and toxicity. Concurrent NSAIDs may decrease antihypertensive action. Smoking increases metabolism and decreases effects; smoking cessation may increase effects. May increase levels of lidocaine and bupivacaine. Nifedipine drug to drug interactions: Drug-Drug: Rifampin, rifabutin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, orcarbamazepine may significantly decrease levels and effects; concurrent use is contraindicated. Ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole,clarithromycin,Show MoreRelatedMyocardil Effusion4228 Words   |  17 PagesNMC (2008) code of conduct, the name of the patient will be changed to Peter and the placement area will remain as an acute care setting. According to McFerran (2008) the term â€Å"acute† is described as a disease of rapid onset, severe symptoms, and brief duration. Acute Care refers to riding at a crossroads of coming sharply to a crisis; severe, not chronic (Allen, 2000). Acute problems may appear precipitously, striking a totally unsuspecting victim. Nurses must quickly detect changes in clientsRead MoreCase Study Essay33967 Words   |  136 Pages2001, 1996, by Mosby, Inc. an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. CHAPTER 1 CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS CASE STUDY 2 Case Study 2 Managing Hypertension Difficulty: Beginning Setting: Outpatient clinic 1 Cardiovascular Index Words: coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension (HTN), medications, patient education, laboratory values, lifestyle modification, risk factors, Internet resources X Scenario M.P. is a 65-year-old African-American woman who comes to your clinic for a follow-upRead MoreHesi Practice31088 Words   |  125 Pagesarm? A. Keep the casted arm warm with a light blanket. B. Avoid handling the cast for 24 hours or until dry. C. Assess pedal and posterior tibial pulses every 2 hours. D. Assess movement and sensation in the fingers of the right hand. 32. Following coronary artery bypass grafting, a client begins having chest fullness and anxiety. The nurse suspects cardiac tamponade and prints a lead â… ¡ electrocardiograph (ECG) strip for interpretation. In looking at the strip, the change in the QRS complex that wouldRead MoreSocm Study Guide Essay30404 Words   |  122 Pagesthe major differences between functional and structural (organic) disease. | Examples of Varying EffectsOf Structural and FunctionalDiseases | | Disease | Type of Disease | Nature of Manifestations | Tension headaches | Functional (muscle spasm) | Functional (pain) | Benign tumor of the breast that produces mass | Structural (tumor) | Structural (mass) | Exogenous obesity causedby craving for food | Functional (hunger) | Structural (obesity) | Cancer of the esophagusthat prevents eating

The Characteristics Of The Arnold Friend - 1436 Words

Many authors look for inspiration in ways such as reflecting on past experiences, art, movies, history, or even nature. There are endless ways to develop new ideas in our everyday lives. In 1966, author Joyce Carol Oates was inspired to write a short story in a very peculiar way. While reading Life Magazine, she stumbled across an article about a serial killer with a bazar style and personality, which prompted her to write one of her most famous works to date. In the short story â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been,† Joyce Carol Oates uses characteristics of serial killer Charles Howard Schmid Jr. to develop her fictional character Arnold Friend. Charles Howard Schmid Jr. was convicted of murdering three girls in the mid-sixties. He†¦show more content†¦Charles Schmid’s accomplice came in the form of John Saunders, a close friend of Schmid’s. Together, Schmid and Saunders picked up Alleen Rowe, convincing her to get in the car and tag along on a double date with them and another girl. They later drove her out to the desert and beat her to death with a rock (Gribben). In the story, Arnold Friend also features an accomplice, a menacing creep named Ellie Oscar. Similarly to John Saunders, Ellie Oscar plays a quiet, right-hand-man role, letting his ally do most of the work. The unmistakable resemblances between Charles Schmid’s and Arnold Friend’s accomplices point towards Joyce Carol Oates directly basing her character on the tactics of the real life serial killer. Joyce Carol Oates also based Arnold Friend’s stature off of Charles Schmid, the Pied Piper of Tucson. Charles Schmid was well known for being a short, well built individual. He was small but very athletic, having an accomplished career in gymnastics (Moser). Charles Schmid’s build and background in gymnastics is what was able to give him the physical ability to perform the multiple murders. Oates likely wanted to give Arnold Friend thos e same characteristics to make the story as realistic and as similar to the actual murders as possible. We can tell that Arnold Friend also features a muscular appearance when Connie describes him: â€Å"He looked as if he probablyShow MoreRelatedThe Hidden Identity of Arnold Friend Essay824 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hidden Identity of Arnold Friend The world is full of people who portray themselves as someone or something else. People usually hide their identity to obtain things that they want. It is common to be fooled by someones appearance. In Joyce Carol Oatess, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been, Arnold Friend is an example of someone trying to trick another person into believing that he is something that he is not. In the story, a girl named Connie is confronted by a man who is tryingRead MoreWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been By Joyce Carol Oates1032 Words   |  5 Pagesthese people genuinely? Arnold Friend, in the short story, â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been† by Joyce Carol Oates, managed to deceive with his false characteristics. Arnold Friend was brought to life from Oates’s imagination of the mischievous serial killer Charles Schmid. Arnold Friend and Charles Schmid similarly attempted to delude with false attributes, had an interest in women, deceived women, both tried to create a false imagine for themselves, however Friend knew about everything aboutRead MoreSimilarities Between The Devil And Arnold Friend907 Words   |  4 PagesCarol Oates’ â€Å"short story† â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?†, a fifteen year old girl named Connie comes face-to-face with a man named Arnold Friend. Oates successful ly portrays the similarities between Arnold Friend and the Devil through plot, setting, and characterization. Throughout the text, Oates shows the reader Arnold Friend’s characteristic sinister ability to draw in Connie and manipulate her through what she loves the most. The data reveals, â€Å"He lifted his friend’s arm and showedRead MoreArnold Friend In Where Are You Going, Where Hare You Been? Essay1161 Words   |  5 Pagesand depraved actions. None, however, have struck such a devastatingly creepy chord as Arnold Friend of Joyce Carol Oates Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Seducer of young girls and embodiment of Lucifer, Arnold Friend is anything but a friend. Arnold Friend is presented through both actions and appearances, and these combine to diminish his likeability, while adding to his devilish persona. Although Arnold Friends traits are never stated outright, they are presented through his speech andRead MoreEssay About Arnold Friend1388 Words   |  6 Pageslevel. â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† is a short story written by Joyce Carol Oates. Through her writing, she expresses the devil with her use of the character, Arnold Friend. Throughout this story, one can tell Arnold Friend is a symbolic Satan through his description, use of language, and his knowledge. Arnold Friend’s physical description resembles Bob Dylan’s appearance, but the devil is known to take on tempting forms. One source goes on to claim that â€Å"Arnold’s â€Å"shaggy, shabby blackRead More Reality is Like A Dream in Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been by Joyce Carol Oates1520 Words   |  7 Pagesmet†(28). This daydreaming behavior is observable to the reader throughout the story. From theories about dreams, theories about subconscious thought, and the clues that Oates provides, the reader is lead to believe that Connie’s experience with Arnold Friend is a nightmare used to awaken her to the consequences that her behavior could result in. Have you ever experienced a dream or a nightmare that seemed like reality? Most people in the world today would say that they have. Although this realisticRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1573 Words   |  7 PagesIn Sherman Alexie’s The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, Arnold is a teenager living on a reservation in Spokane Washington. There, Arnold grows up aware of his limitations as an Indian and understands the difficulties that his parents had to endure growing up. He keeps these in mind as he gets older and makes the decision to leave the reservation. Throughout his journey, Arnold acknowledges the people who helped him along the way and who encouraged him to surpass his fears and to overcomeRead MoreArnold Friend Symbolizes the Devil in Where are you Going, Where Have you been? by Joyce Carol Oates533 Words   |  3 Pagestrying to persuade her to take a ride with him. He introduces himself as Arnold Friend a nd kindly asks her to come with him but she refused. He then threatens Connie and her family. She is then forced outside and leaves with Arnold Friend. Arnold Friend clearly symbolizes the devil through his physical traits, his knowledge of Connie, and his power over her kind of like he was hypnotizing her to go with him. First, Arnold Friend’s physical traits portray him as Satan. Oates says that â€Å"There wereRead MoreThe Invisible Man Character Analysis1150 Words   |  5 PagesMan, is egotistical and selfish, but this is just his outer emotions. Throughout the story there are hints at a complex background behind the famed invisible man that contribute to the reason for his erratic behavior. This is the same with the Arnold Friend, the main antagonist for Wells short story Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? For instance there are suggestions about Friend’s self hate of his appearance and actions. Therefore this might provide a reason for his unstable personalityRead MoreArnold Friend Character Analysis853 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 21011 James Friend Spells ‘Sociopath’ The persona of a sociopath appears to be much like any human. In many cases, one would not be able to pick him out of a crowd. Their minds, however, differ greatly from the average mind. A sociopath is extremely smart and methodical and most often is very meticulous in the way in which he acts. While many people are not thinking beyond the norm, a psychopath thinks about his every breath, step, and word. In the short story Where are you

Modified Calendar Issue Free Essays

Modifying a traditional school calendar essentially means that students attend school throughout the entire year with several mini-breaks rather than an extended summer break. There are both pros and cons involved in modifying the traditional school calendar. This essay will address the pros and provide rationale for selecting one calendar over another. We will write a custom essay sample on Modified Calendar Issue or any similar topic only for you Order Now Traditional School Calendar Growing up with a traditional school calendar, going to school from August until June and having the glorious three-month summer was something to look forward to as a child. According to Hsu’s article in the San Bernardino Sun, â€Å"Parents said a shorter summer would limit teens’ chances to work and do internships, and that families would have to cancel planned vacations† (2007). Community involvement is essential for a child to nurture ownership of the community and feel a sense of belonging. The extended summer calendar worked in the past, traditionally, and it would seemingly work now, except that things have changed over the years and a modified school calendar meets some needs of a changing world. Things that were not evident in the past have become apparent and a modified school calendar creates opportunity to address some of those needs whereas a traditional calendar does not. Modified School Calendar Many parents struggle with an age-old problem of coordinating breaks and vacations with their children. Many times children have longer breaks from school than the parents do from work. Shorter breaks are more reasonable and true to life in the business world, preparing children for a coming future. Harold Vollkommer, an assistant superintendent said, â€Å"Longer spring and winter recesses would provide time for students who were behind in school to take short, intensive remedial courses† (2007). This type of opportunity also helps by preparing students for greater responsibilities. Additionally, children learn how to manage their time. Working in internships and volunteering for the community becomes a year-round thing rather than just a summer thing. Conclusion Having experienced both calendars, I am in favor of the modified calendar. Traditions are nice and should never be forgotten; but, as time changes and new advancements are discovered and made, so must we be willing to modify a traditional way of doing things to accommodate our growth and potential. References Hsu, C. (2007). Board rejects proposed school calendar changes. Retrieved January 24, 2007 from, How to cite Modified Calendar Issue, Essay examples

The Impact of the End of the Cold War on Canada free essay sample

This article examines major network news coverage of Cuba in Canada (CBC and CTV) and in the United States (ABC, CBS, and NBC) from 1988 through 1992. Given the different histories of Canadian-Cuban and U. S. -Cuban relations since the revolution, the extent of similar negative coverage of the island in both countries reporting is somewhat surprising. Also, it is apparent that the end of the Cold War did not change, in any fundamental way, the frames employed by television news in its coverage of Cuba. Resume: Les changements profonds dans le systeme politique international qui ont eu lieu de 1988 a 1992, et quon decrit generalement comme marquant la chute du communisme, indiqueraient la possibilite dun changement dans la facon que les chaines nord-americaines auraient de rapporter les evenements dans leurs programmes dinformation sur le Cuba. Cet article examinera les programmes dinformation des chaines canadiennes les plus importantes (CBC et CTV) et de celles des Etats-Unis (ABC, CBS et NBC) de 1988 jusqua 1992. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of the End of the Cold War on Canada or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Etant donne levolution differente dans les relations Canada / Cuba et Etats-Unis / Cuba depuis la revolution cubaine de 1959, nous avons ete frappes par le degre de ressemblance entre les reportages negatifs sur le Cuba faits par les chaines des deux pays nord-americains. En plus, il est evident que la fin de la guerre froide na pas change de maniere fondamentale le point de vue des reportages televises sur les evenements cubains. INTRODUCTION Between 1988 and 1992, the years for which we examine coverage of Cuba on Canadian and American television news, the international system experienced a series of profound changes. The fall of the Berlin Wall in late 1989 signalled the end of Communism in Eastern Europe, while the failed coup in Russia in the summer of 1991 marked the end of Communist control in that country as well. These events ended the Cold War which had set the framework for international politics for over 40 years and, while scholars debated what it would look like and what forces would drive it, a New World Order was widely proclaimed (Cox, 1994; Huntington, 1993; Pfaltzgraff, 1994; Sideri, 1993). From 1947 to 1992 the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union was waged on a global scale. While no country in the Western Hemisphere completely escaped the machinations of the Cold War, Guatemala, Guyana, the Dominican Republic, Chile, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Grenada were deeply affected. Cuba, however, was the pre-eminent flash point for U. S. -USSR conflict in the Hemisphere (Dominguez, 1978; Geyer, 1991; Huberman Sweezy, 1969; Oppenheimer, 1992). Most analysts agree that the few weeks of the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 marked the closest point during the Cold War where a full-scale nuclear war between the U. S. and the USSR could have begun (Blight, Nye, Welch, 1987; Garthoff, 1988). Thus, not discounting U. S. hostility to Fidel Castros domestic policies and their impact on U. S. interests, it was Cubas role as a military ally / base /surrogate which allowed the USSR to project its military power into not only the Western Hemisphere but also Africa that magnified U. S. pposition to the Cuban Revolution (Bernell, 1994). Canada was a full partner of the United States in the Cold War as evidenced by military alliances such as NATO and NORAD. Nonetheless, a desire to conduct an independent foreign policy as a middle power frequently led Canada to adopt postures different from their ally. None has turned out to be as significant as Canadas independent policy on Cuba. An historical detachment from Latin America had meant that fe w Canadian vital interests had developed in the area that were threatened by the Cuban Revolution. Thus, Canadian policymakers did not accord Cuba the same prominence as did their American counterparts. Indeed, as time passed, the maintenance of some degree of normalcy in relations with Cuba was viewed as a testament to a made in Canada foreign policy. The contribution of mass media to understanding the world beyond ones range of personal experience is wide ranging (Bennett, 1988; Galtung Holmboe Ruge, 1965; Stevenson Shaw, 1984; Thompson, 1988). We know that there is reality as well as multiple media portrayals of that reality (Chang, Shoemaker, Bredlinger, 1987; Gans, 1979; Tuchman, 1978; Whitney Becker, 1982) and, as Todd Gitlin (1981) has summarized the relationship, the role of media is to certify reality as reality (p. 2). The question is which reality is certified? That is to say, which of a myriad of events are reported and in what perspective are those events portrayed? The momentous changes in the international system from 1988 to 1992 resulted in basic alterations in the structure of international conflict and significant foreign policy changes on the part of both Russia and the United States. In such circumstances media were offered an opportunity to re-assess the frameworks employed to explain international events. In this regard, Deutsch Merritt (1965) argue that perceptions of international reality (in their words images), once formed, act as filters or screens through which new information on the subject must pass. In the case of Cuba, the summary justice employed by the Castro government against officials of the Batista government in the immediate post-revolutionary period, the souring of relations between Cuba and the United States followed by the abortive Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961, and the move by Cuba into the Soviet orbit culminating in the Missile Crisis of October 1962 established a powerful set of negative filters through which events involving Cuba and Castro were interpreted by U. S. media in subsequent years. In a study of Fidel Castros image presented in The New York Times from 1953 to 1992, it was found that beginning in 1988 precisely when changes in the international system suggested a reduced threat emanating from Cuba Castro was presented in a more negative manner. For the first time, including the hostility-filled years of the 1960s, there was a focus on the negative aspects of Castro the person, as opposed to Castro the politician (Soderlund, 1997; see also Lewis, 1960; McCaughan Platt, 1988). It appears that U. S. edia would have four main framing or filter options available for dealing with Cuba in the post-Cold War era (Entman, 1991; Gamson, 1989; Iyengar, 1991). First, they could retain the Cold War frame of conflict and confrontation toward both Cuba and Castro without noticeable change. Second, they could depart radically from the earlier frame, presenting a positive, forgive and forget image, characterizing Cuba as an emerging nation and Castro as a misguided, but nevert heless honourable, leader. Third, they could separate the image of Cuba from that of the man who has dominated its politics for the past 40 years. Cuba could be presented in either a positive or negative fashion, while Castro could be presented in the opposite direction. Presenting Cuba and Cubans as a country and a people in need of liberation from a demented, power-hungry dictator who has lost touch with world developments is probably the most likely scenario for the third option. Fourth, as suggested by the change in The New York Times treatment of Castro beginning in 1988, we could see an increased coupling of Fidel Castros leadership with the progressively severe problems faced by Cuba in the post-Cold War period. This frame would result in the image of the country and its leader in fact coming closer together. Each of these options offer a reality that U. S. media can choose, independent of the facts of the situation. Each version of reality could serve as a possible framework for presenting facts regarding Cuba as events occurred over the period of the study. Perhaps there is a fifth filter more relevant for Canadian media. This would frame Cuba as a relatively unimportant, small country which, having lost its Cold War status, is no longer considered to be particularly newsworthy, hence coverage would drop off. U. S. -CANADIAN COMPARISONS This study compares U. S. and Canadian television news treatment of Cuba during a critical period of transition from one world order to another. As noted above, Canadian foreign policy toward Cuba had diverged considerably from that of the United States (Baranyi, 1985; Gorham, 1991; Haglund, 1987; Rochlin, 1988). Most notably, Canada never recognized the U. S. -imposed economic embargo of the island and continued to carry on diplomatic and trade relationships with Cuba. Pierre Trudeau, Canadian Prime Minister for most of the period 1968 to 1984, developed a warm personal relationship with Fidel Castro, and in 1976 the Trudeau family made a highly visible visit to Cuba. Canadian foreign policy differences with the United States made Canada wary of entry into the Organization of American States, which finally occurred in 1990, because successive Canadian governments feared that membership would either lead to conflict with the U. S. over Latin American policy (Cuba in particular) or could create circumstances in which Canada might be perceived as a foreign policy handmaiden to the United States. In any event, one would expect that coverage of Cuba in the Canadian mass media would have less of an ideological basis than would be the case in the United States. If a countrys mass media broadly reflect government policy (Herman Chomsky, 1988; Parenti, 1986), one would hypothesize a less negative image of Cuba and Castro on Canadian, as opposed to American, television news and predict further that this less negative image would be even more evident with the end of the Cold War. In the case of American TV networks, in addition to expecting a more negative portrayal of the island and its leader overall, it is debatable as to which reality filter U. S. television would follow when moving from a Cold War to a New World Order relationship with Cuba and Castro. Thus there are two interrelated questions which guide our inquiry: (1) What differences were there in Canadian and American TV presentations and images of Cuba and Fidel Castro? and (2) How did the end of the Cold War affect television coverage of Cuba in each country?