The Characteristics Of The Arnold Friend - 1436 Words

Many authors look for inspiration in ways such as reflecting on past experiences, art, movies, history, or even nature. There are endless ways to develop new ideas in our everyday lives. In 1966, author Joyce Carol Oates was inspired to write a short story in a very peculiar way. While reading Life Magazine, she stumbled across an article about a serial killer with a bazar style and personality, which prompted her to write one of her most famous works to date. In the short story â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been,† Joyce Carol Oates uses characteristics of serial killer Charles Howard Schmid Jr. to develop her fictional character Arnold Friend. Charles Howard Schmid Jr. was convicted of murdering three girls in the mid-sixties. He†¦show more content†¦Charles Schmid’s accomplice came in the form of John Saunders, a close friend of Schmid’s. Together, Schmid and Saunders picked up Alleen Rowe, convincing her to get in the car and tag along on a double date with them and another girl. They later drove her out to the desert and beat her to death with a rock (Gribben). In the story, Arnold Friend also features an accomplice, a menacing creep named Ellie Oscar. Similarly to John Saunders, Ellie Oscar plays a quiet, right-hand-man role, letting his ally do most of the work. The unmistakable resemblances between Charles Schmid’s and Arnold Friend’s accomplices point towards Joyce Carol Oates directly basing her character on the tactics of the real life serial killer. Joyce Carol Oates also based Arnold Friend’s stature off of Charles Schmid, the Pied Piper of Tucson. Charles Schmid was well known for being a short, well built individual. He was small but very athletic, having an accomplished career in gymnastics (Moser). Charles Schmid’s build and background in gymnastics is what was able to give him the physical ability to perform the multiple murders. Oates likely wanted to give Arnold Friend thos e same characteristics to make the story as realistic and as similar to the actual murders as possible. We can tell that Arnold Friend also features a muscular appearance when Connie describes him: â€Å"He looked as if he probablyShow MoreRelatedThe Hidden Identity of Arnold Friend Essay824 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hidden Identity of Arnold Friend The world is full of people who portray themselves as someone or something else. People usually hide their identity to obtain things that they want. It is common to be fooled by someones appearance. In Joyce Carol Oatess, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been, Arnold Friend is an example of someone trying to trick another person into believing that he is something that he is not. In the story, a girl named Connie is confronted by a man who is tryingRead MoreWhere Are You Going, Where Have You Been By Joyce Carol Oates1032 Words   |  5 Pagesthese people genuinely? Arnold Friend, in the short story, â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been† by Joyce Carol Oates, managed to deceive with his false characteristics. Arnold Friend was brought to life from Oates’s imagination of the mischievous serial killer Charles Schmid. Arnold Friend and Charles Schmid similarly attempted to delude with false attributes, had an interest in women, deceived women, both tried to create a false imagine for themselves, however Friend knew about everything aboutRead MoreSimilarities Between The Devil And Arnold Friend907 Words   |  4 PagesCarol Oates’ â€Å"short story† â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?†, a fifteen year old girl named Connie comes face-to-face with a man named Arnold Friend. Oates successful ly portrays the similarities between Arnold Friend and the Devil through plot, setting, and characterization. Throughout the text, Oates shows the reader Arnold Friend’s characteristic sinister ability to draw in Connie and manipulate her through what she loves the most. The data reveals, â€Å"He lifted his friend’s arm and showedRead MoreArnold Friend In Where Are You Going, Where Hare You Been? Essay1161 Words   |  5 Pagesand depraved actions. None, however, have struck such a devastatingly creepy chord as Arnold Friend of Joyce Carol Oates Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Seducer of young girls and embodiment of Lucifer, Arnold Friend is anything but a friend. Arnold Friend is presented through both actions and appearances, and these combine to diminish his likeability, while adding to his devilish persona. Although Arnold Friends traits are never stated outright, they are presented through his speech andRead MoreEssay About Arnold Friend1388 Words   |  6 Pageslevel. â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† is a short story written by Joyce Carol Oates. Through her writing, she expresses the devil with her use of the character, Arnold Friend. Throughout this story, one can tell Arnold Friend is a symbolic Satan through his description, use of language, and his knowledge. Arnold Friend’s physical description resembles Bob Dylan’s appearance, but the devil is known to take on tempting forms. One source goes on to claim that â€Å"Arnold’s â€Å"shaggy, shabby blackRead More Reality is Like A Dream in Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been by Joyce Carol Oates1520 Words   |  7 Pagesmet†(28). This daydreaming behavior is observable to the reader throughout the story. From theories about dreams, theories about subconscious thought, and the clues that Oates provides, the reader is lead to believe that Connie’s experience with Arnold Friend is a nightmare used to awaken her to the consequences that her behavior could result in. Have you ever experienced a dream or a nightmare that seemed like reality? Most people in the world today would say that they have. Although this realisticRead MoreThe Absolutely True Diary Of A Part Time Indian By Sherman Alexie1573 Words   |  7 PagesIn Sherman Alexie’s The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, Arnold is a teenager living on a reservation in Spokane Washington. There, Arnold grows up aware of his limitations as an Indian and understands the difficulties that his parents had to endure growing up. He keeps these in mind as he gets older and makes the decision to leave the reservation. Throughout his journey, Arnold acknowledges the people who helped him along the way and who encouraged him to surpass his fears and to overcomeRead MoreArnold Friend Symbolizes the Devil in Where are you Going, Where Have you been? by Joyce Carol Oates533 Words   |  3 Pagestrying to persuade her to take a ride with him. He introduces himself as Arnold Friend a nd kindly asks her to come with him but she refused. He then threatens Connie and her family. She is then forced outside and leaves with Arnold Friend. Arnold Friend clearly symbolizes the devil through his physical traits, his knowledge of Connie, and his power over her kind of like he was hypnotizing her to go with him. First, Arnold Friend’s physical traits portray him as Satan. Oates says that â€Å"There wereRead MoreThe Invisible Man Character Analysis1150 Words   |  5 PagesMan, is egotistical and selfish, but this is just his outer emotions. Throughout the story there are hints at a complex background behind the famed invisible man that contribute to the reason for his erratic behavior. This is the same with the Arnold Friend, the main antagonist for Wells short story Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? For instance there are suggestions about Friend’s self hate of his appearance and actions. Therefore this might provide a reason for his unstable personalityRead MoreArnold Friend Character Analysis853 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 21011 James Friend Spells ‘Sociopath’ The persona of a sociopath appears to be much like any human. In many cases, one would not be able to pick him out of a crowd. Their minds, however, differ greatly from the average mind. A sociopath is extremely smart and methodical and most often is very meticulous in the way in which he acts. While many people are not thinking beyond the norm, a psychopath thinks about his every breath, step, and word. In the short story Where are you

Modified Calendar Issue Free Essays

Modifying a traditional school calendar essentially means that students attend school throughout the entire year with several mini-breaks rather than an extended summer break. There are both pros and cons involved in modifying the traditional school calendar. This essay will address the pros and provide rationale for selecting one calendar over another. We will write a custom essay sample on Modified Calendar Issue or any similar topic only for you Order Now Traditional School Calendar Growing up with a traditional school calendar, going to school from August until June and having the glorious three-month summer was something to look forward to as a child. According to Hsu’s article in the San Bernardino Sun, â€Å"Parents said a shorter summer would limit teens’ chances to work and do internships, and that families would have to cancel planned vacations† (2007). Community involvement is essential for a child to nurture ownership of the community and feel a sense of belonging. The extended summer calendar worked in the past, traditionally, and it would seemingly work now, except that things have changed over the years and a modified school calendar meets some needs of a changing world. Things that were not evident in the past have become apparent and a modified school calendar creates opportunity to address some of those needs whereas a traditional calendar does not. Modified School Calendar Many parents struggle with an age-old problem of coordinating breaks and vacations with their children. Many times children have longer breaks from school than the parents do from work. Shorter breaks are more reasonable and true to life in the business world, preparing children for a coming future. Harold Vollkommer, an assistant superintendent said, â€Å"Longer spring and winter recesses would provide time for students who were behind in school to take short, intensive remedial courses† (2007). This type of opportunity also helps by preparing students for greater responsibilities. Additionally, children learn how to manage their time. Working in internships and volunteering for the community becomes a year-round thing rather than just a summer thing. Conclusion Having experienced both calendars, I am in favor of the modified calendar. Traditions are nice and should never be forgotten; but, as time changes and new advancements are discovered and made, so must we be willing to modify a traditional way of doing things to accommodate our growth and potential. References Hsu, C. (2007). Board rejects proposed school calendar changes. Retrieved January 24, 2007 from, How to cite Modified Calendar Issue, Essay examples

The Impact of the End of the Cold War on Canada free essay sample

This article examines major network news coverage of Cuba in Canada (CBC and CTV) and in the United States (ABC, CBS, and NBC) from 1988 through 1992. Given the different histories of Canadian-Cuban and U. S. -Cuban relations since the revolution, the extent of similar negative coverage of the island in both countries reporting is somewhat surprising. Also, it is apparent that the end of the Cold War did not change, in any fundamental way, the frames employed by television news in its coverage of Cuba. Resume: Les changements profonds dans le systeme politique international qui ont eu lieu de 1988 a 1992, et quon decrit generalement comme marquant la chute du communisme, indiqueraient la possibilite dun changement dans la facon que les chaines nord-americaines auraient de rapporter les evenements dans leurs programmes dinformation sur le Cuba. Cet article examinera les programmes dinformation des chaines canadiennes les plus importantes (CBC et CTV) et de celles des Etats-Unis (ABC, CBS et NBC) de 1988 jusqua 1992. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of the End of the Cold War on Canada or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Etant donne levolution differente dans les relations Canada / Cuba et Etats-Unis / Cuba depuis la revolution cubaine de 1959, nous avons ete frappes par le degre de ressemblance entre les reportages negatifs sur le Cuba faits par les chaines des deux pays nord-americains. En plus, il est evident que la fin de la guerre froide na pas change de maniere fondamentale le point de vue des reportages televises sur les evenements cubains. INTRODUCTION Between 1988 and 1992, the years for which we examine coverage of Cuba on Canadian and American television news, the international system experienced a series of profound changes. The fall of the Berlin Wall in late 1989 signalled the end of Communism in Eastern Europe, while the failed coup in Russia in the summer of 1991 marked the end of Communist control in that country as well. These events ended the Cold War which had set the framework for international politics for over 40 years and, while scholars debated what it would look like and what forces would drive it, a New World Order was widely proclaimed (Cox, 1994; Huntington, 1993; Pfaltzgraff, 1994; Sideri, 1993). From 1947 to 1992 the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union was waged on a global scale. While no country in the Western Hemisphere completely escaped the machinations of the Cold War, Guatemala, Guyana, the Dominican Republic, Chile, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Grenada were deeply affected. Cuba, however, was the pre-eminent flash point for U. S. -USSR conflict in the Hemisphere (Dominguez, 1978; Geyer, 1991; Huberman Sweezy, 1969; Oppenheimer, 1992). Most analysts agree that the few weeks of the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 marked the closest point during the Cold War where a full-scale nuclear war between the U. S. and the USSR could have begun (Blight, Nye, Welch, 1987; Garthoff, 1988). Thus, not discounting U. S. hostility to Fidel Castros domestic policies and their impact on U. S. interests, it was Cubas role as a military ally / base /surrogate which allowed the USSR to project its military power into not only the Western Hemisphere but also Africa that magnified U. S. pposition to the Cuban Revolution (Bernell, 1994). Canada was a full partner of the United States in the Cold War as evidenced by military alliances such as NATO and NORAD. Nonetheless, a desire to conduct an independent foreign policy as a middle power frequently led Canada to adopt postures different from their ally. None has turned out to be as significant as Canadas independent policy on Cuba. An historical detachment from Latin America had meant that fe w Canadian vital interests had developed in the area that were threatened by the Cuban Revolution. Thus, Canadian policymakers did not accord Cuba the same prominence as did their American counterparts. Indeed, as time passed, the maintenance of some degree of normalcy in relations with Cuba was viewed as a testament to a made in Canada foreign policy. The contribution of mass media to understanding the world beyond ones range of personal experience is wide ranging (Bennett, 1988; Galtung Holmboe Ruge, 1965; Stevenson Shaw, 1984; Thompson, 1988). We know that there is reality as well as multiple media portrayals of that reality (Chang, Shoemaker, Bredlinger, 1987; Gans, 1979; Tuchman, 1978; Whitney Becker, 1982) and, as Todd Gitlin (1981) has summarized the relationship, the role of media is to certify reality as reality (p. 2). The question is which reality is certified? That is to say, which of a myriad of events are reported and in what perspective are those events portrayed? The momentous changes in the international system from 1988 to 1992 resulted in basic alterations in the structure of international conflict and significant foreign policy changes on the part of both Russia and the United States. In such circumstances media were offered an opportunity to re-assess the frameworks employed to explain international events. In this regard, Deutsch Merritt (1965) argue that perceptions of international reality (in their words images), once formed, act as filters or screens through which new information on the subject must pass. In the case of Cuba, the summary justice employed by the Castro government against officials of the Batista government in the immediate post-revolutionary period, the souring of relations between Cuba and the United States followed by the abortive Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961, and the move by Cuba into the Soviet orbit culminating in the Missile Crisis of October 1962 established a powerful set of negative filters through which events involving Cuba and Castro were interpreted by U. S. media in subsequent years. In a study of Fidel Castros image presented in The New York Times from 1953 to 1992, it was found that beginning in 1988 precisely when changes in the international system suggested a reduced threat emanating from Cuba Castro was presented in a more negative manner. For the first time, including the hostility-filled years of the 1960s, there was a focus on the negative aspects of Castro the person, as opposed to Castro the politician (Soderlund, 1997; see also Lewis, 1960; McCaughan Platt, 1988). It appears that U. S. edia would have four main framing or filter options available for dealing with Cuba in the post-Cold War era (Entman, 1991; Gamson, 1989; Iyengar, 1991). First, they could retain the Cold War frame of conflict and confrontation toward both Cuba and Castro without noticeable change. Second, they could depart radically from the earlier frame, presenting a positive, forgive and forget image, characterizing Cuba as an emerging nation and Castro as a misguided, but nevert heless honourable, leader. Third, they could separate the image of Cuba from that of the man who has dominated its politics for the past 40 years. Cuba could be presented in either a positive or negative fashion, while Castro could be presented in the opposite direction. Presenting Cuba and Cubans as a country and a people in need of liberation from a demented, power-hungry dictator who has lost touch with world developments is probably the most likely scenario for the third option. Fourth, as suggested by the change in The New York Times treatment of Castro beginning in 1988, we could see an increased coupling of Fidel Castros leadership with the progressively severe problems faced by Cuba in the post-Cold War period. This frame would result in the image of the country and its leader in fact coming closer together. Each of these options offer a reality that U. S. media can choose, independent of the facts of the situation. Each version of reality could serve as a possible framework for presenting facts regarding Cuba as events occurred over the period of the study. Perhaps there is a fifth filter more relevant for Canadian media. This would frame Cuba as a relatively unimportant, small country which, having lost its Cold War status, is no longer considered to be particularly newsworthy, hence coverage would drop off. U. S. -CANADIAN COMPARISONS This study compares U. S. and Canadian television news treatment of Cuba during a critical period of transition from one world order to another. As noted above, Canadian foreign policy toward Cuba had diverged considerably from that of the United States (Baranyi, 1985; Gorham, 1991; Haglund, 1987; Rochlin, 1988). Most notably, Canada never recognized the U. S. -imposed economic embargo of the island and continued to carry on diplomatic and trade relationships with Cuba. Pierre Trudeau, Canadian Prime Minister for most of the period 1968 to 1984, developed a warm personal relationship with Fidel Castro, and in 1976 the Trudeau family made a highly visible visit to Cuba. Canadian foreign policy differences with the United States made Canada wary of entry into the Organization of American States, which finally occurred in 1990, because successive Canadian governments feared that membership would either lead to conflict with the U. S. over Latin American policy (Cuba in particular) or could create circumstances in which Canada might be perceived as a foreign policy handmaiden to the United States. In any event, one would expect that coverage of Cuba in the Canadian mass media would have less of an ideological basis than would be the case in the United States. If a countrys mass media broadly reflect government policy (Herman Chomsky, 1988; Parenti, 1986), one would hypothesize a less negative image of Cuba and Castro on Canadian, as opposed to American, television news and predict further that this less negative image would be even more evident with the end of the Cold War. In the case of American TV networks, in addition to expecting a more negative portrayal of the island and its leader overall, it is debatable as to which reality filter U. S. television would follow when moving from a Cold War to a New World Order relationship with Cuba and Castro. Thus there are two interrelated questions which guide our inquiry: (1) What differences were there in Canadian and American TV presentations and images of Cuba and Fidel Castro? and (2) How did the end of the Cold War affect television coverage of Cuba in each country?

Writing Business Letters

Writing Business Letters Writing business letters is an art that very few people take the time to master today. For those who dedicate time towards learning the proper format and style of writing business letters, they’ll find that they’ve gained a very distinct advantage over those who haven’t. A business letter is often the first impression, so take the opportunity to do it right. Spend time fixing the wording and print the letter on high-quality paper. Master the techniques and points of writing business letters and you’ll never have to wonder how you came across in your initial contact with the individual. Before you begin writing business letters, try to research and find out as much as possible about the audience that you are writing to. Business letters can range from an extremely formal style of writing to a more casual mode. Knowing which to use will go a long way in gaining the interest of the recipient of the letter. No matter which style of writing you decide to use when writing business letters, there are certain rules that need to be followed. When writing business letters, you should always use your computer. They should never be written by hand. Begin by choosing the format in writing business letters. The most commonly used format is the block format. This requires left justifying the whole letter using single spacing with a double space between paragraphs. Next choose the font. In writing business letters, one may not think the font is all that important but it can make a big difference. Again, the type of company you are directing your business letter to will play a role in the font you choose. Traditional companies lean towards the more conservative font styles while others may allow for more creativity. Either way, your letter should always be easy to read. Some fonts are very creative looking and make for an interesting looking page but are difficult to read. If it’s too difficult then your letter may not get read. Keep in mind that you are writing business letters for the audience not for yourself. Read what you have selected and ask yourself if you’d have any trouble reading this. In writing business letters, remember that it’s a much more formal looking document than personal letters. The margin should be at least an inch on all four sides. Begin with the heading, which contains the return address then a date line with a space between the two. Skip another line after the date and write out the inside address. If you’re writing a business letter then most likely this is an important document that you truly need to have delivered correctly. The inclusion of an inside address on a business letter ensures the delivery to the correct person or department should the address on the outside of the envelope become damaged in some way. Skip another line after the inside address and type in the salutation. The greeting, when writing business letters, is always formal. It typically begins with â€Å"Dear† and includes the person’s full name and title. Skip another line after the salutation and you’re ready to begin writing the body of t he letter. The most important part of writing business letters is the body of the letter. Excellent grammar and spelling is a must to make a good impression on the reader. The information you are conveying here must be concise and to the point. The whole purpose of writing business letters is to get a point across or to request something. In doing these things, you need to have a good handle on proper grammar and English choices to make your statement as quickly and succinctly as possible. This is not the time to use flowery creative words and draw out your sentences. Do not attempt to show off your vocabulary skills. Be professional but yet clear on the subject. Again skip another line before your closing. Use a short but polite closing in writing business letters and skip two lines before typing in your full name. This allows a space for your handwritten signature. Follow these tips when writing business letters and you’ll find that this will set you apart from most people who haven’t taken the time to really study how writing business letters should be. Incoming search terms: what types of fonts and paragraph spacing would you use in a business letter What types of fonts and paragraph spacing would you use in a business letter? proper font for business letter business letter font What types of fonts would you use in a business letter formal letter font proper business letter spacing format What types of fonts and paragraph spcing would you sue in a business letter what type of font and spacing is used in business letter what font should i use for a business letter

Losing the Dark

Losing the Dark Have you ever heard of light pollution? Its the overuse of light at night. Nearly everyone on Earth has experienced it. Cities are bathed in light, but lights also encroach on the wilderness and rural landscapes as well. A study of light pollution around the world made in 2016 showed that at least a third of people on Earth have skies that are so light-polluted they cant see the Milky Way from their locations.   One of the most astonishing discoveries the astronauts on the International Space Station share with us is the widespread light pollution that covers our landscapes with the yellowish-white glow of lights. Even at sea, fishing boats, tankers, and other ships light up the darkness.   The Effects of Light Pollution Because of light pollution, our dark skies are disappearing. This is because lights on homes and  businesses are sending light up to the sky. In many places, all but the brightest stars are washed out by the glare of lights. Not only is this simply wrong, but it also costs money. Shining them UP to the sky to light the stars wastes electricity and the energy sources (mainly fossil fuels) we need to create electrical power.   In recent years, medical science has also looked into the link between light pollution and too much light at night. The results show that human health and wildlife are being harmed by the glare of lights during the night time hours. Recent studies have linked exposure to too much light at night to several serious diseases, including breast cancer and prostate cancer. In addition, the glare of light pollution interferes with a persons ability to sleep, which has other health consequences. Other studies show that the glare of lights at night, particularly on city streets, can result in accidents for both drivers and pedestrians blinded by the light of electronic billboards and superbright headlights on other cars. In many areas, light pollution is contributing to tragic loss of wildlife habitat, interfering with bird migrations and affecting reproduction of many species. This has reduced some populations of wildlife and threatens others.   For astronomers, light pollution is a tragedy. No matter whether you are a beginning observer or an experienced professional, too much light at night washes out the view of stars and galaxies. In many places on our planet, people have rarely seen the Milky Way  in their night skies. What Can All of us Do to Prevent Light Pollution? Of course, we all know that lighting is needed in some places at night for safety and security. No one is saying to turn off ALL the lights. To solve the problems caused by light pollution, smart  people in industry and science research have been contemplating ways to have our safety but also eliminate the waste of light and power.   The solution theyve come up with sounds simple: to learn proper ways to use lighting. These include lighting places that only need illumination at night. People can reduce a LOT of light pollution by shining lights DOWN to the places where they are needed. And, in some places, if light isnt needed, we CAN just simply switch them off. In most cases, proper lighting not only preserves safety and reduces the harm to our health and to wildlife, but it also saves money in lower electrical bills and lowers the use of fossil fuels for power.   We CAN have dark skies and safe lighting. Learn more about what YOU can do to light safely and reduce light pollution from the International Dark Sky Association, one of the worlds foremost groups seeking to solve light pollution issues and preserve safety and quality of life. The group has many useful resources for city planners, and both urban and country dwellers interested in reducing the glare of lights at night. They also sponsored the creation of a video called Losing the Dark, which illustrates many of the concepts discussed here. Its available free for download by anyone wishing to use it in their planetarium, classroom, or lecture hall.

Complaint Letter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Complaint Letter - Assignment Example After placing my order, I had to wait for more than 30 minutes to receive it. To make matters worse, the order was wrong and the person who served me was not professional enough to address my complaint. Instead, he answered me in a rude way as if I was a stranger in this particular restaurant that I have always treated with great esteem. I have also been forced to write a letter of complaint as a result of the bad treatment I received from one of the company’s staff members. I always believe that the customer is king in business but I was treated as a villain on this day in question. Companies that fail to treat their customers as valuable assets are likely to be negatively impacted by bad publicity they are likely to receive from other disgruntled customers. I therefore expect to get formal apology for this bad experience at McDonalds’ since I am a very loyal customer to the company. This will help me not to issue negative statements about the company that can tarnish its image. The other issue is that the company has not yet responded to my complaint and this has also contribute towards doubting the authenticity of the company in offering reliable and quality services. I probably feel that I have not yet received a response from the organization as a result of the fact that they are investigating the case so as to get to the root cause of the problem. Such kinds of issues need careful attention since they can tarnish the image of the organization if not properly handled. Therefore, the manager dealing with the case ought to take necessary measures that are meant to ensure that this issue has been solved in an amicable way in order to avoid a scenario where the image of the organization will be tarnished as a result of such simple issues. From this experience, I have discovered that some employees can just be rude and they can tarnish the image of the company.

Starbucks company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Starbucks company - Research Paper Example Another short term objective for Starbucks Company is to increase the customer’s awareness on Starbucks environmental concerns. Actively planning and setting short term environmental goals will achieve a long term reputation of environmental appreciation for Starbucks. Functional Tactics Functional tactics can be used by Starbucks Company to implement a strong action plan that generates positive results for the company. Functional tactics include training employees, creating a new serving materials and common areas that are environmentally friendly. Including a recycling unit in every Starbucks is a functional tactic that will increase customer awareness and help achieve short and long term objectives. Implying these functional tactics will give Starbucks and increased competitive advantage over competitors who do not show environmental concerns. Policies to Aid Strategy Execution Starbucks Company has used policies in the past to aid in completing objectives. Policies ensure that employees are empowering the company and completely understand the objectives that the company is trying to achieve. Currently Starbucks Company has implemented a policy that focuses on the customers’ needs. Managers must follow a specific policy that enables them to properly handle any issues that arise with customers. Starbucks also has a policy that empowers the Starbucks brand.